ABSTRACT
Platelets are fragments of cytoplasm that are released from the mature megakaryocyte of the bone marrow.The main function of platelets is coagulation and hemostasis.Platelets play a central role in formation of pathological thrombosis. Many ischemic diseases are caused by excessive activa-tion of platelets, which can lead to thrombosis and death. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, the dry roots and rhizomes of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plants,includes some water-soluble compounds,which play positive effects on diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic complications or cardiovas-cular diseases.In this paper,the components of the water-soluble in Salvia miltiorrhiza,as well as the applications in thrombotic diseases are summarized. The results show that water-soluble compounds include salvianolic acid A,salvianolic acid B,protocatechuic aldehyde, Danshensu,etc.The water-soluble compounds are applied to ischemic stroke,myocardial infarction and other diseases caused by thrombus. We also discussed the mechanisms of water-soluble compounds on the platelets based on our research results and the data obtained from references. The results indicate that water soluble compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza play the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects via different mechanisms, for example, salvianolic acid A inhibits platelet aggregation without promoting bleeding by increasing cAMP, inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and affecting GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) signaling path-ways; salvianolic acid B inhibit platelets as a P2Y12 antagonist and PDE inhibitor; Danshensu inhibits platelet activity may be related to inhibition of calcium influx.In conclusion,thrombotic diseases seriously affect human life and health. The existing antiplatelet drugs have some disadvantages. For example, aspirin may cause intracranial hemorrhage, and clopidogrel may play a slower role. Salvia miltiorrhiza as a traditional Chinese medicine has positive pharmacological activity and exerts antiplatelet aggrega-tion through different mechanisms.In the future,we will develop the new drugs which prevent and treat thrombotic diseases with the further study of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
ABSTRACT
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases .Recently, increasing evidence demonstrates that the water-soluble compounds isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza,including tanshinol and salvianolic acid B, exert a regulatory influence on bone metabolism .The under-lying mechanism of these compounds involves various pathways , such as Wnt/β-catenin, ERK, BMP, OPG/RANKL/RANK and FoxO mediated oxidative stress pathway .This paper reviews pre-vious effects and mechanism of polyphenolic acids in Salvia milt-iorrhiza , which may provide the base for the research and devel-opment of the new agents to treat osteoporosis .
ABSTRACT
Salvia miltiorrhiza is dry root or rhizome of the labia-tae plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, whose water-soluble ingredients are recognized as its bioactive components in cardiovascular disea-ses. Based on researches at home and abroad in recent years, this article summarizes pharmacological effect resisting myocardi-al ischemia of Salvia miltiorrhiza ’ s water soluble compounds in multi-level from the prevention, treatment and anti-reperfusion damage, to provide theoretical basis for the research and devel-opment of the active monomers in Salvia miltiorrhiza and com-pound preparations.
ABSTRACT
Blueberry was enzymatically hydrolyzed using selected commercial food grade carbohydrases (AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme) and proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase and Protamex) to obtain water soluble compounds, and their protective effect was investigated against H2O2-induced damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (V79-4) via various published methods. Both AMG and Alcalase hydrolysates showed higher total phenolic content as well as higher cell viability and ROS scavenging activities, and hence, selected for further antioxidant assays. Both AMG and Alcalase hydrolysates also showed higher protective effects against lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and apoptotic body formation in a dose-dependent fashion. Thus, the results indicated that water soluble compounds obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of blueberry possess good antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in vitro.